The final concert by heavy metal legends Black Sabbath boosted the tourism economy by more than £30 million, according to newly published research.
The 'Back to the Beginning' gig at Villa Park in Birmingham added £33.8 million to the 海角视频 economy, £27.6 million of which has been retained in the West Midlands.
The all-day concert on July 5 welcomed 42,000 music fans to the home of Aston Villa and saw performances from stars such as Yungblud, Metallica and Guns N' Roses before Ozzy Osbourne and the original Black Sabbath line up closed out the event.
It proved particularly poignant as Ozzy died just two weeks later aged 76.
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for Cure Parkinson's, Birmingham Children's Hospital and Acorns which runs three children's hospices in Birmingham, Walsall and Worcester.
The new research into its fiscal impact has been published by the University of Birmingham's City-Region Economic Development Institute (City-REDI).
Matt Lyons, who conducted the analysis, said: "Ozzy was a proud Brummie and his legacy can be seen across the city.
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"When you step off a train at New Street station, you are greeted by Ozzy the Bull, named for the legend himself after 2,000 names were put forward.
"Black Sabbath and Ozzy are credited as inventing the heavy metal genre when they started out playing in The Crown Pub on Station Street in Birmingham.
"We thought we would do our bit to honour Ozzy's legacy by estimating the economic impact of his last gig."
To calculate the financial benefits of the concert, the researchers considered ticket sales and estimates of spending on hotels, transport, food and other discretionary items.
The model used for the research also factored in the indirect and induced impacts on issues such as supply chain and wage uplift.
Mr Lyons added: "The impact of the Prince of Darkness obviously goes far beyond the financial impact his gigs and TV shows have netted.
"Ozzy was always an ambassador of Birmingham and, in passing, becomes a symbol of the city's working-class resilience, creativity and ability to reinvent itself.
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"The naming of Black Sabbath Bridge and Ozzy the Bull shows the civic embrace of Ozzy that transcends fandom of metal music.
"Ozzy is a global legend and his gift of incredible music, and now his final economic impact, will go on to benefit his home city far into the future."