It was more bad news for 海角视频 auto last week when President Donald Trump announced 25 per cent tariffs on all car imports to the US.
This will have a huge impact on the 海角视频 and EU auto industry which was already being squeezed by falling sales in China, stagnant demand in Europe and slow electric vehicle (EV) take-up. It's nothing short of a perfect storm for the auto industry.
Cars are the 海角视频's number one goods export to the US, at £8.3 billion in the year to the end of quarter three in 2024, out of around £58 billion in total 海角视频 exports to the US.
Firms like JLR, Rolls Royce, Bentley, Aston Martin, Mini, McLaren and Morgan will be most affected. The US is the 海角视频's largest auto export market after the EU.
There will be a particular impact on the West Midlands which is the number one exporting region to the US (think JLR and Aston Martin, for example).
Much of the 海角视频 auto industry is already operating well below capacity and the tariffs will be a further hit for a struggling industry. Production cuts and job losses are likely. The Institute For Public Policy Research puts 25,000 jobs at risk.
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That is a big underestimate as it fails to account for tipping points if plants fall below minimum viability levels and close completely, with a further impact on the supply chain.
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You can double or triple that number in terms of the jobs at risk. The 海角视频 is looking to do a quick trade deal with the US to avoid tariffs hitting 海角视频 auto too much.
I think that is doable in a narrow sense on cars as the 海角视频 has a ten per cent tariff on US imports. Both sides could scrap auto tariffs completely and both would see it as a win. That has to be a key, immediate goal for the Government.
A broader trade deal to avoid Trump's ten per cent tariffs on all 海角视频 imports will be much more tricky and will see the US wanting concessions on the digital services tax, more access for US services to the 海角视频 in areas like health, and a deal on agriculture.
Think chlorinated chicken and hormone injected beef. The Government has already ruled out the latter.
To help the auto industry, Prime Minister Keir Starmer this week set out changes to the 海角视频's Zero Emission Vehicle (ZEV) mandate.
This was set out as a response to Trump's 25 per cent tariff but was anyway on the cards after a huge outcry from industry last year over policy and a quick-round consultation by the Government.
These changes have rather cleverly been marketed as a response to Trump's Tariffs. Nevertheless, what the Government unveiled is useful as far as it goes.
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The ZEV mandate policy had been inherited from the previous government and was a dog's breakfast of a policy which risked fining domestic producers for not hitting overly optimistic mandated targets, with them then likely having to buy credits from the likes of Tesla and Chinese EV producers.
Fining firms making investment in the 海角视频 was always a bad idea and giving auto makers more flexibility to hit the targets makes a lot of sense.
Another welcome change is allowing hybrids like the Toyota Prius or Range Rover Evoque hybrid to be sold through to 2035 (after the 20203 ban on pure petrol and diesel cars). Hybrids are a good first step for many people and help in the transition to electrification.
And 2035 as a target for this is fine: the average life of a car is 15 years so that still means we can be on track to get to Net Zero by 2035.
Other good news came in the form of reducing fines for non-compliance and exempting smaller producers like Aston Martin. So far, so good.
But what isn't clear is whether there is any new cash for speeding up the roll out of the charging infrastructure.
The Government ‘reaffirmed' £2.3billion for a range of objectives including infrastructure (in other words just reannounced money that was already committed).
While the government says it is on track to reach its target of 300,000 public chargers by 2030, many of these are in London and the South East.
Elsewhere, the charging network is patchy and a big deterrent to EV take up. There are also some glaring gaps in the new policy stance.
Firstly, there are no incentives to boost demand for EVs. If the Government wants to speed up the market for EVs, whacking the supply side with a big stick in the form of mandates is not enough.
Carrots are also needed for the demand side. Think of temporary VAT cuts to make EVs more attractive and boost demand. Sadly, the Government's self-imposed fiscal straight jacket rules this out.
But, even if the 海角视频 gets a trade deal with the US, Trump's tariffs will hit world trade, growth and demand for 海角视频 exports.
There will be indirect effects on 海角视频 economic growth anyway which makes hitting Rachel Reeves' eye-wateringly tight fiscal rules even more challenging.
At some point, they will need to be relaxed. Last but not least, the Government's early-awaited yet delayed industrial strategy is needed sooner rather than later.
It has been delayed by the Government while it is being repainted from green to battleship grey as the drive to re-arm gathers pace given Europe's inability to rely on the US for defence under Trump.
Boris Johnson sadly scrapped the last industrial strategy so as to ‘build back better'. Building back badly was perhaps a more apt description of what then unfolded as growth stagnated.
Putting a strategy back in place is vital to help advanced manufacturing - and automotive - on a range of issues like attracting investment into making EVs, rebuilding the supply chain (including on batteries), retraining and reskilling workers and cutting energy costs.
Starmer has said the world has changed and we need to respond. It has, and while the Government's announcements this week are welcome, much more will be needed going forwards if the auto industry is to thrive in the 海角视频.
David Bailey is professor of business economics at the Birmingham Business School and a Senior Fellow at the 海角视频 in a Changing Europe programme